Types¶
Ü is a statically-type language, that means that each variable should have some known at compile-time type.
Ü has several type categories:
Fundamental types¶
Fundamental types are base of the type system. All other types are based either on fundamental types or types, that based on fundamental types, etc. There are following fundamental types in Ü:
void- is used as return type for functions that return nothing. It has zero size.bool- logical type, possible values aretrueandfalse.- Signed integer types -
i8,i16,i32,i64,i128,ssize_type. - Unsigned integer types -
u8,u16,u32,u64,u128,size_type. - Floating point types -
f32,f64. - Char types -
char8,char16,char32. - Raw data types -
byte8,byte16,byte32,byte64,byte128.
Numeric suffix of some type names means size in bits.
Arrays¶
Arrays are sequences of single type values with size known at compile-time.
Array types declaration examples:
[ i32, 4 ] // Array of 4 "i32" elements
[ char8, 8 ] // Array of 8 "char8" elements
[ [ f32, 4 ] , 4 ] // 2x2 array of "f32" elements
[ bool, 0 ] // Empty array
Array elements are accessed via [] operator.
[] should contain an expression of unsigned integer type, that contains index of an element needed to be accessed.
var [ i32, 4 ] mut arr= zero_init;
var u32 i= 1;
arr[0]= 66;
arr[i]= 55;
arr[2]= arr[0] + arr[3];
Tuples¶
Tuples are sequences of values. Each element in the sequence may have different type.
Tuple types declaration examples:
tup[ i32, f32 ] // Tuple of two elements of different types
tup[] // Empty tuple
tup[ i32, i32, i32 ] // Tuple of three elements of same type
tup[ i32, f32, f32, bool, [ i32, 2 ], char8, [ char16, 8 ], tup[ bool, f64 ], u64 ] // Tuple may contain arrays and other tuples
Tuple elements are accessed via [] operator.
[] should contain a compile-time expression of integer type.
var tup[ i32, f32, bool ] mut t= zero_init;
t[0]= 55;
t[1]= 3.7f;
t[2]= f32(t[0]) == t[1];
It’s possible to iterate over tuple elements via for operator.
Structs and classes¶
Structs and classes are sets of named values of different types and associated functions, types, variables. See Structs и Classes.
Function pointers¶
See Function pointers.
Raw pointers¶
See Raw pointers.